tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-44169264399872165442024-03-07T21:37:31.712-08:00Reverse Osmosis Water Purificationgardahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17247931523618159204noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4416926439987216544.post-86702070961903363442015-03-06T22:02:00.001-08:002015-03-06T22:02:47.842-08:00PCMC to install generator for Nigdi water purification plant | Reverse Osmosis Water Purification<a href="http://reverseosmosiswaterpurification.blogspot.com/2011/12/pcmc-to-install-generator-for-nigdi.html">PCMC to install generator for Nigdi water purification plant | Reverse Osmosis Water Purification</a>gardahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17247931523618159204noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4416926439987216544.post-51293649646032334552011-12-29T16:37:00.000-08:002011-12-29T16:37:21.587-08:00PCMC to install generator for Nigdi water purification plant<span class="pubdate"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Siddharth Gaikwad</span></span><span class="separator"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span> </span><br />
<div class="mod-relatedtopics" id="mod-rel-ads"><!-- Module starts: rel-ads (RelatedTopics) --> </div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext"><!-- Module starts: a-body-first-para (ArticleText) --> </div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" style="text-align: justify;">PUNE: The Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation has planned to install a new power generator at its water purification plant at sector 23 in Nigdi in order to ensure uninterrupted water supply to all areas in the township. The municipal corporation will incur a cost of Rs 1.2 crore for installing the generator.</div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" style="text-align: justify;">According to PCMC joint city engineer Pravin Tupe, a generator with a capacity of 1,000 KVA will be installed at the water purification plant to ensure that water supply is not affected during power failures. The corporation would have to carry out some preliminary work. The work of installation of the generator would take at least eight months.</div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" style="text-align: justify;">The installation of the second generator will primarily ensure that water supply to the eastern areas of the township - from Krishnanagar to Bopkhel -- remains unaffected.</div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" style="text-align: justify;">The areas that will be benefit include Bhosari, Dighi, Sant Tukaramngar, Ajmera colony, and Chinchwad. The proposal for the installation of the generator will come up for discussion at the general body meeting on May 19.</div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext"> </div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" style="text-align: justify;">Although, the corporation has generators at the water purification plant, they cater to the requirement of the plant itself, as well as to pump water for the Pradhikaran area. The water supply department needed a new generator which could cater to the needs of the eastern areas in case of power failures. Most of the western areas of the township get water by gravity.</div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" style="text-align: justify;">The PCMC lifts 380 to 400 million litres per day (MLD) of water from Pavana river at Ravet. This water is first pumped to water purification centre at Nigdi. The treated water is then supplied as drinking water to the entire township.</div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext" style="text-align: justify;">The corporation has also asked the MSEDCL to strengthen the additional feeder at the water pumping station in Ravet. This will enable the civic body to draw raw water from Pavana even when there is a power failure in the main feeder line.</div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext"><br />
</div><div class="mod-timesofindiaarticletext mod-articletext">http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com</div>gardahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17247931523618159204noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4416926439987216544.post-16571880215469315952011-12-29T16:35:00.000-08:002011-12-29T16:35:08.059-08:00Israeli water purification device returns to Earth<div style="text-align: justify;"><span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_article_control_lblAuthor"><span class="ExpertOrAutherLink"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">By SHARON UDASIN</span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span><span class="ExpertOrAutherLink"><span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_article_control_lblArticleTeaser">Atlantis’ tested out new system to avoid dumping water into space; device has already been installed in places with water purification challenges.</span></span></span></div><div align="justify" id="talkbacks"><span class="jp-comments" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_article_control_art_comments">Talkbacks (<span><span class="comments_counter" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_article_control_lblCommentsCounter">1</span></span>)</span></div><div align="justify"><span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_article_control_lblArtHeader"></span><!--[ Block Spacer Start ]--><span class="block-spacer"> </span><!--[ Block Spacer End ]--></div><!--[ Left Content Start ]--><div align="justify" class="jp-maincontent-left"><!--[ Block Spacer Start ]--><span class="block-spacer"> </span><!--[ Block Spacer End ]--><!--[ Section Start ]--><div id="body_val"><span id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_article_control_lblArticleBody">Among the passengers aboard the <span style="font-style: italic;">Atlantis</span> space shuttle’s final voyage was an Israeli biomedical water purification device, which was undergoing initial tests for use in zero-gravity, outer space conditions.<br />
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The device, which contains technology that effectively removes bacteria and viruses from polluted water, was developed by a research team headed by Eran Schenker, an aerospace physician and director of the Aerospace Medicine Research Center at the Fisher Brothers Institute for Air and Space Strategic Studies, in collaboration with Haim Wilder, vice president of research and development of Strauss Water, and Prof. Eyal Shimoni, chief scientist of Strauss Group.<br />
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The goal for space operations, Wilder told <span style="font-style: italic;">The Jerusalem Post</span> on Thursday, is to be able to recycle 100 percent of water used and polluted by astronauts during their missions.<br />
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“It may be possible that in the near future, astronauts will not have to throw contaminated water into space,” Schenker said in a statement, referring to current procedures, in which all used water must be dumped into space.<br />
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After lifting off on July 8 for its final journey into space, the <span style="font-style: italic;">Atlantis</span> landed on Thursday.<br />
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During the mission the astronauts were able to test out the Israeli water purification technology, and the results of the tests will soon be available to the team of scientists, who are currently monitoring the types of microbes that have grown on the device itself, Wilder said.<br />
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Inside the device, which was developed about six months ago, is a polymer-based substrate containing chemicals that are able to kill bacteria and viruses upon contact, Wilder explained. On Earth, the scientists had already tested that the technology works under the most extreme conditions and even had simulated a zero-gravity situation.<br />
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But they didn’t even find out that they were chosen to take part in the <span style="font-style: italic;">Atlantis</span> trip until “one week before it went into the sky,” according to Wilder.<br />
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The Strauss-Fisher purification device is only one of many technologies that NASA has recently taken under its wing for experimentation, he said.<br />
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“Microbiology is a big problem in the sky because there’s a huge need to protect everyone traveling,” Wilder said.<br />
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Not only can the technology be useful in outer space missions, but it also can be used on Earth, in places where public water systems might not be safe for drinking out of the tap, according to Wilder. While not as useful in Israel, where the water is drinkable in most of the country, the company has already begun installing devices in various parts of China that face challenges in maintaining water purification, he explained.<br />
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Ofra Strauss, chairwoman of the Strauss Group, praised the scientific team in a statement for “improving the standard of living for people worldwide through the promise of safe and quality water.”</span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
www.jpost.com</div><br />
<div id="picad_resource_container" style="position: static;"><div id="picad_share_container"></div><img border="0" height="1" src="http://tracking.picadmedia.com/page/17820/17970/?icnt=0&itype=0&uid=0&cs=35790&rand=0.6067567911408628&" style="display: none;" title="ISM Page Impression" width="1" /></div>gardahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17247931523618159204noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4416926439987216544.post-24562872132743586942011-12-29T16:32:00.000-08:002011-12-29T16:32:46.948-08:001m water purification tablets for rain-hit areas<div style="text-align: justify;">Islamabad—More than one million water purification tablets will be supplied to save the rain-hit people from water borne diseases especially cholera, diarrhea in Sindh province, Chairman, National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Zafar Qadir said on Monday. “We are seriously concerned with spread of epidemic diseases. Therefore, we are supplying aqua tablets to save the people especially the children from water borne diseases such as cholera, diarrhea and dysentery,” he told APP.<br />
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Zafar Qadir informed that all the disaster management teams of the Authority are also being dispatched to the affected areas for deployment, adding, these team will stay there till the end of the disaster. He said ten thousand tents are being provided to the rain affected people of Badin district while 10 thousand food ration packets are also being distributed among the rain victims through Utility Stores on daily basis on behalf of NDMA.<br />
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The Chairman informed that distribution of ration packets to affected people would continue till their rehabilitation. Besides, he informed that NDMA is also introducing the new concept of telemedicine with the objective to provide medical treatment to rain affected people on modern lines and save their precious lives. Zafar Qadir said that so far no international donor agency has extended cooperation and the entire rescue and relief work is being carried out at the expenses of Federal and Sindh Governments.<br />
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He, however, seek the cooperation of local NGOs, philanthropists as around three months are required to bring the situation to normalcy. He said on the directive of Prime Minister Syed Yusuf Raza Gilani, the Authority has distributed relief items including 12,700 tents, three water purification plants and 23,000 family ration packs, to the flood-affected people in Sindh. The relief goods have been distributed in the inundated districts of Badin, Tando Muhammad Khan and Mirpur Khas besides the badly damaged Mithi Town of Tharparker District, he added.<br />
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The Chairman informed that the National Emergency Operations Room at the NDMA is functioning round-the-clock to receive requirements and coordinate response. About crops, he informed that around 60 percent of cotton crops were damaged in the flood affected areas. “Crops of sugar-cane were not damaged in flood hit areas because the height of the sugar-cane is three feet above the flood water level,” he added. He said that all armed forces were managing the rescue part of flood relief operations.—APP </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">http://pakobserver.net/</div>gardahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17247931523618159204noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4416926439987216544.post-57782709619147305982011-05-11T05:01:00.001-07:002011-05-11T05:01:17.708-07:00Guide to Water Purification<p>by Rick Curtis <p align="justify">first edition published by Random House March, 1998 <div align="justify"> <hr> </div> <h4 align="justify">Water Purification</h4> <p align="justify">Dipping your head into a cold mountain stream and taking a long refreshing drink is an experience that has basically vanished from the wilderness areas of America. With the increased use of the wilderness there has also been an increase in the amount of bacteriological contamination of backcountry water supplies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that 90 percent of the world’s water is contaminated in some way. There are a variety of microscopic organisms that can contaminate water supplies and cause potentially serious, even fatal, illnesses among wilderness travelers. The major danger in the backcountry from these infections is fluid loss due to diarrhea and vomiting, which can lead to hypovolemic shock and possibly death (see Diarrhea or Vomiting, page 315; Fluid Electrolyte Replacement, page 286; Shock, page 238). <p align="justify">In order to drink the water, you should be prepared to treat it. There are numerous methods of water purification, described below in order of effectiveness. Remember, however, that infections can also be spread through poor personal hygiene, something that purifying your water won’t prevent. <h5 align="justify">Biologically Contaminated vs. Toxic Water</h5> <p align="justify"><i>Biologically contaminated</i> water is water that contains microorganisms such as <i>Giardia</i> (a common microorganism that, if not killed, leads to intestinal disorders), bacteria, or viruses that can lead to infections (see Gastrointestinal Infections, page 316). <i>Toxic </i>water sources contain chemical contamination from pesticide runoffs, mine tailings, and so on. Boiling, filtering, or chemically treating water can remove or kill microorganisms, but it will <i>not</i> remove chemical toxins. This is also the case when using a solar still (see page 223). <h4 align="justify">Boiling</h4> <p align="justify">Boiling is the most certain way of killing all microorganisms. According to the Wilderness Medical Society, water temperatures above 160° F (70° C) kill all pathogens within 30 minutes and above 185° F (85° C) within a few minutes. So in the time it takes for the water to reach the boiling point (212° F or 100° C) from 160° F (70° C), all pathogens will be killed, even at high altitude. To be extra safe, let the water boil rapidly for one minute, especially at higher altitudes since water boils at a lower temperature (see page 68.) <h4 align="justify">Chemical Purification</h4> <p align="justify">There are two types of chemical treatment: those using iodine and those using chlorine. There are a variety of products on the market, so follow the directions on the bottle. Be advised that many of the tablets have an expiration date and become ineffective after that point. Also, once the bottle has been opened, the tablets must be used within a certain period. When in doubt, buy a new bottle. Remember that chemical purification methods may only be partially effective, depending on the water temperature. <h5 align="justify">General Chemical Treatment Procedures</h5> <ul> <li> <div align="justify">The effectiveness of all chemical treatment of water is related to the temperature, pH level, and clarity of the water. Cloudy water often requires higher concentrations of chemical to disinfect. </div> <li> <div align="justify">If the water is cloudy or filled with large particles, strain it, using a cloth, <i>before</i> treatment. Large particles, if swallowed, may be purified only "on the outside." </div> <li> <div align="justify">Add the chemical to the water and swish it around to aid in dissolving. Splash some of the water with the chemical onto the lid and the threads of the water bottle so that all water areas are treated. </div> <li> <div align="justify">The water should sit for <i>at least </i>30 minutes after adding the chemical to allow purification to occur. If using tablets, let the water sit for 30 minutes <i>after </i>the tablet has dissolved. </div> <li> <div align="justify">The colder the water, the less effective the chemical is as a purifying agent. Research has shown that at 50° F (10° C), only 90 percent of <i>Giardia</i> cysts were inactivated after 30 minutes of exposure. If the water temperature is below 40° F (4° C), double the treatment time before drinking. It is best if water is at least 60° F (16° C) before treating. You can place the water in the sun to warm it before treating. </div> <li> <div align="justify">Chemically treated water can be made to taste better by pouring it back and forth between containers, after it has been adequately treated. Other methods include adding a pinch of salt per quart or adding flavorings (e.g., lemonade mix, etc.) after the chemical treatment period.</div></li></ul> <h5 align="justify">Iodine Treatment</h5> <p align="justify">Iodine is light sensitive and must always be stored in a dark bottle. It works best if the water is over 68° F (21° C). Iodine has been shown to be more effect than chlorine-based treatments in inactivating <i>Giardia</i> cysts.<i> Be aware that some people are allergic to iodine and cannot use it as a form of water purification. </i>Persons with thyroid problems or on lithum, women over fifty, and pregnant women should consult their physician prior to using iodine for purification. Also, some people who are allergic to shellfish are also allergic to iodine. If someone cannot use iodine, use either a chlorine-based product or a non-iodine-based filter, such as the PUR Hiker Microfilter, MSR WaterWorks, or the Katadyn Water Filter. <p align="justify">Generally, the procedure is as follows: <ul> <li> <div align="justify">Liquid 2% Tincture of Iodine Add 5 drops per quart when the water is clear. Add 10 drops per quart when the water is cloudy. </div> <li> <div align="justify">Polar Pure Iodine Crystals Fill the Polar Pure bottle with water and shake. The solution will be ready for use in one hour. Add the number of capfuls (per quart of water treated) listed on the bottle, based on the temperature of the iodine solution. The particle trap prevents crystals from getting into the water being treated. It is important to note that you are using the iodine <i>solution</i> to treat the water, not the iodine crystals. <i>The concentration of iodine in a crystal is poisonous and can burn tissue or eyes. </i>Let the treated water stand for 30 minutes before drinking. In order to destroy <i>Giardia </i>cysts, the drinking water must be at least 68° F (20° C). The water can be warmed in the sun before treating or hot water can be added. Refill the treatment bottle after use so that the solution will be ready one hour later. Crystals in the bottle make enough solution to treat about 2,000 quarts. Discard the bottle when empty. </div> <li> <div align="justify">Potable Aqua This is an iodine tablet product. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for use.</div></li></ul> <h6 align="justify"><font size="4">Chlorine Treatment</font></h6> <p align="justify">Chlorine can be used for persons with iodine allergies or restrictions. Remember that water temperature, sediment level, and contact time are all elements in killing microorganisms in the water. Halazone is an example of a chlorine tablet product. To use, follow the manufacturer’s instructions. <p align="justify">Tricks of the Trail <ul> <li> <div align="justify">Backups Always have at least one backup method for water purification in case one fails. This can be any combination of methods. I’m the cautious type, so I always have two backup methods: water filter and 2% tincture of iodine or Polar Pure iodine crystals. And I can always boil the water. If boiling is your backup method, make sure you have enough fuel. </div> <li> <div align="justify">Fix the Taste Adding vitamin C (about 50 milligrams) to iodized water completely eliminates any taste or color of iodine. You must wait until the iodine has purified the water before adding the vitamin C. The vitamin C in drink mixes like Tang™ has the same effect.< </div></li></ul> <h4 align="justify">Filtration</h4> <p align="justify">There are a number of devices on the market that filter out microorganisms. A water filter pumps water through a microscopic filter that is rated for a certain-size organism. The standard size rating is the micron (the period at the end of this sentence is about 600 microns). Depending on the micron rating of the filter, smaller organisms (like viruses) can pass through. Be cautious when selecting a filter. You should know what potential organisms you need to treat for. You don’t want to go to an area where a virus like hepatitis A is present in the water (a problem in some developing countries) with a filter that will handle only a larger organism like <i>Giardia.</i> <h6 align="justify"><font size="4">Common microorganisms and the filter size needed:</font></h6> <p align="justify">Organism<br>Examples<br>General Size<br>Filter Type<br>Particle Size Rating</p> <p align="justify">Protozoa<br><i>Giardia, Cryptosporidium</i><br>5 microns or larger<br>Water filter<br>1.0–4.0 microns</p> <p align="justify">Bacteria<br><i>Cholera, E. coli, Salmonella</i><br>0.2–0.5 microns<br>Microfilter<br>0.2–1.0 microns</p> <p align="justify">Viruses<br>Hepatitis A, rotavirus, Norwalk virus<br>0.004 microns<br>Water purifier<br>to 0.004 microns</p> <p align="justify">There are two basic types of filters (descriptions of several popular models begin on the facing page). <ul> <li> <div align="justify">Membrane Filters use thin sheets with precisely sized pores that prevent objects larger than the pore size from passing through. Pro: Relatively easy to clean. Con: Clog more quickly than depth filters. Example: PUR-Hiker. </div> <li> <div align="justify">Depth Filters use thick porous materials such as carbon or ceramic to trap particles as water flows through the material. Pro: Can be partially cleaned by backwashing. Activated carbon filters also remove a range of organic chemicals and heavy metals. Con: Rough treatment can crack the filter, rendering it useless. Examples: MSR WaterWorks II, Katadyn.</div></li></ul> <p align="justify"><i>Note: </i>There is a difference between a water <i>filter</i> and a water <i>purifier.</i> Filters do not filter out viruses, but there are water purifiers, like the PUR Scout, that pass the water through both a filter and an iodine compound that kills any smaller organisms that have passed through the filter. These purifiers kill all microorganisms down to 0.004 microns; however, the filter should not be used by people who are allergic to iodine. <h5 align="justify">Common Practices for Using a Water Filter</h5> <ul> <li> <div align="justify">Filter the cleanest water you can find. Dirty water or water with large suspended particles will clog your filter more quickly. </div> <li> <div align="justify">Prefilter the water either through a prefilter on the pump or strain it through a bandanna. </div> <li> <div align="justify">If you must filter dirty water, let it stand overnight for particles to settle out.</div></li></ul> gardahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17247931523618159204noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4416926439987216544.post-82685147150835266182011-04-21T18:55:00.001-07:002011-04-21T23:20:34.601-07:006 stage reverse osmosis water purification process with hexagonal<p align="justify"><strong>Sediment Filter (FILTER STAGE 1)<br></strong>Filter out the large particles like dirt, mud, sand, dust, rust, material microstructure, kapurMasa replacement (assuming the source of water taps) 3-6 months depending on water conditions baku</p> <p align="justify"><br><strong>GAC Actived Carbon (FILTER STAGE 2)<br></strong>Absorb odor, color, taste odor, organic chemicals and klorinMasa replacement (assuming the source of water taps) 6-9 months depending on water conditions baku<br></p> <p align="justify"><strong>CTO Carbon Block (FILTER STAGE 3)<br></strong>Having the two functions as a Sediment 10 micron and activated carbon that absorbs odors, color, taste odor, organic chemicals and chlorine in lanjutanMasa stage replacement (assuming the source of water taps) 6-9 months depending on water conditions baku<br></p> <p align="justify"><strong>Reverse Osmosis Membrane (FILTER STAGE 4)<br></strong>Throw away all the pollution, chemicals, bacteria and viruses up to the level of the smallest 1 / 10 000 microns, which serves as the three human kidneys, resulting in pure water (H2O) The replacement (assuming the source of water taps) 12-24 months depending on water conditions bakuBio + spiral magnetic energy filter<br></p> <p align="justify"><strong>(Filter STAGE 5)<br></strong>Splitting water molecules with light Far infra-red so it has to produce bio-energy and active hexagonal water to increase the resilience and body health<br></p> <p align="justify"><strong>Post-Carbon Filter (FILTER STAGE 6)<br></strong>Restore the taste, and eliminates odor that produces water with a sense alamiMasa replacement (assuming the source of water taps) 6-12 months.</p> gardahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17247931523618159204noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4416926439987216544.post-53431404934049330642011-04-16T21:55:00.001-07:002011-04-17T06:13:09.694-07:00Water purificationFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia <br />
<div align="justify"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Usine_Bret_MG_1638.jpg"><img alt="" height="147" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Usine_Bret_MG_1638.jpg/220px-Usine_Bret_MG_1638.jpg" width="220" /></a></div><div align="justify">Control room and schematics of the water purification plant to Lac de Bret, Switzerland</div><b></b><br />
<div align="justify"><b>Water purification</b> is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, materials, and biological contaminants from contaminated water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water) but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, including meeting the requirements of medical, pharmacology, chemical and industrial applications. In general the methods used include physical processes such as filtration and sedimentation, biological processes such as slow sand filters or activated sludge, chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light. </div><div align="justify">The purification process of water may reduce the concentration of particulate matter including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi; and a range of dissolved and particulate material derived from the surfaces that water may have made contact with after falling as rain. </div><div align="justify">The standards for drinking water quality are typically set by governments or by international standards. These standards will typically set minimum and maximum concentrations of contaminants for the use that is to be made of the water. </div><div align="justify">It is not possible to tell whether water is of an appropriate quality by visual examination. Simple procedures such as boiling or the use of a household activated carbon filter are not sufficient for treating all the possible contaminants that may be present in water from an unknown source. Even natural spring water – considered safe for all practical purposes in the 19th century – must now be tested before determining what kind of treatment, if any, is needed. Chemical analysis, while expensive, is the only way to obtain the information necessary for deciding on the appropriate method of purification. </div><div align="justify">According to a 2007 World Health Organization report, 1.1 billion people lack access to an improved drinking water supply, 88% of the 4 billion annual cases of diarrheal disease are attributed to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation and hygiene, and 1.8 million people die from diarrheal diseases each year. The WHO estimates that 94% of these diarrheal cases are preventable through modifications to the environment, including access to safe water. Simple techniques for treating water at home, such as chlorination, filters, and solar disinfection, and storing it in safe containers could save a huge number of lives each year. Reducing deaths from waterborne diseases is a major public health goal in developing countries. </div>gardahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17247931523618159204noreply@blogger.com